Oil is a naturally occurring liquid found in rock formations deep beneath the Earth’s surface. Often referred to as “crude oil” in its unrefined form, it is composed primarily of hydrocarbons—organic compounds made of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Crude oil varies in color and viscosity and serves as a major source of energy and raw materials for countless industries worldwide.

Once extracted through drilling, crude oil is transported to refineries where it undergoes processes such as distillation and cracking. These processes separate the oil into useful components, including gasoline, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, lubricants, and even petrochemicals used in plastics, synthetic rubber, and fertilizers.

Key uses of oil include:

• Transportation: Oil is the main fuel source for cars, trucks, ships, airplanes, and trains.
• Energy Production: In many countries, oil is burned to generate electricity, though this is less common than natural gas or coal.
• Industrial Applications: Oil-based derivatives are used in the manufacturing of chemicals, textiles, and construction materials.
• Heating: In some regions, especially with cold climates, oil is used for residential and commercial heating.

Oil is also a cornerstone of the global economy. Countries rich in oil reserves often play key roles in international trade and geopolitics. Organizations like OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) influence oil prices and production levels globally.

Despite its importance, oil is a non-renewable resource and a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. This has led to a growing interest in alternative energy sources like wind, solar, and biofuels. However, oil remains an essential component of modern life, powering economies and enabling technological development across the globe.